Mulberry leaf—leads the blood sugar-lowering effect.

Corn silk and buckwheat—assist in glucose regulation while protecting kidney and cardiovascular health.

Tangerine peel—regulates Qi, strengthens the spleen, and improves digestion.

Gardenia fruit—clears heat, purges fire, and balances the formula’s thermal properties.

Mulberry leaf is cold in nature, sweet and bitter in taste, friendly to Lung and Liver. It is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, and other active compounds. Its primary bioactive components include isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin. These components act on targets such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspases 1/3/8 (CASP1/3/8), regulating signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, cancer, and serotonergic synapses. They exert effects such as lowering blood sugar, anti-aging, and protecting neural and cardiovascular health.

Tangerine peel is warm in nature, pungent and bitter in taste, and friendly to Spleen and Lung. The volatile oils in tangerine peel promote gastrointestinal motility, aid digestion, and help regulate blood sugar metabolism. Its main active components, such as kaempferol and β-sitosterol, modulate related signaling pathways to improve digestive function and glucose metabolism.

Corn silk is neutral in nature, sweet and bland in taste, and friendly to Kidney, Bladder, Liver, and Gallbladder meridians. Rich in polysaccharides and flavonoids, it has a significant effect on blood sugar regulation. Its primary active component, corn silk polysaccharide, helps lower blood sugar levels by modulating insulin signaling pathways while also protecting kidney function.

Gardenia fruit is cold in nature, bitter in taste, and friendly to Heart, Lung, and Triple Burner. Its key component, geniposide, stimulates insulin secretion, aiding in blood sugar reduction. Other active compounds, such as geniposide and kaempferol, act on relevant targets to exert heat-clearing, fire-purging, blood-cooling, and detoxifying effects, while also assisting in glucose control.

Buckwheat is cool in nature, sweet in taste, and friendly to Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine meridians. Rich in dietary fiber and flavonoids, it effectively reduces blood sugar levels while improving lipid metabolism and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Its main bioactive components, such as rutin and quercetin, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism pathways, providing hypoglycemic and cardiovascular protective effects.